延庆千家店地区硅化木赋存层位及形成时代分析     

焦润成  王荣荣  张淑云 《城市地质》2016,(2):56-59

北京延庆千家店土城子组中的硅化木自发现以来,得到了众多学者的关注,但关于硅化木的赋存层位和形成时代一直未有定论,目前主流观点认为硅化木广泛发育于土城子组一段和二段的下部,关于其形成时代则自侏罗纪早期至白垩纪早期的论述均有,这种争论显然不利于木化石的保护、科普和进一步深化认识。在千家店土城子组进行的考察结果展现出与前人观点不同的线索。实地考察、剖面测量和年龄测试结果显示:原位埋藏硅化木形成时代应为晚侏罗世早期,赋存层位为土城子组一段下部,而土城子组二段下部的沉积特征反应出当时水位频繁升降,水体能量剧烈变化,火山活动暂时陷入沉寂的沉积环境,较难满足形成木化石的基本要求。  相似文献   

上海砂性软土地层水平定向钻进泥浆性能调控技术     

朱永刚  郑文龙  乌效鸣  张晓静  林朋皓  朱旭明 《探矿工程》2018,45(5):58-62

上海地区水平定向钻进铺管（HDD）钻遇不易成孔的砂性软土的概率甚高,这种地层对泥浆性能有特殊要求。但目前普遍使用的复配型增效商品土粉基调相近,难以就大量工程个案恰如其分地发挥关键功效。为此,论述了该类工程环境下泥浆性能设计要点,分析了材料添配的作用机理,重点给出了泥浆密度、粘度、切力以及失水量等参数调控的宜于实用的若干配材技术,以提供相类似工程条件下泥浆运用的可参考方法。  相似文献   

银额盆地及邻区石炭纪小独山期—二叠纪紫松期岩相古地理   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

史冀忠  陈高潮  姜亭  魏建设  牛亚卓 《地质通报》2018,37(1):107-119

采用野外地质调查与室内研究相结合的方法,根据野外地质调查收集的沉积岩岩石学特征、古生物及沉积构造标志,结合室内地球化学分析测试结果,总结研究区的沉积相划分标志,将研究区石炭系—二叠系阿木山组(干泉组)划分出6种沉积相,即辫状河三角洲相、冲积扇相、滨海相、碳酸盐岩台地相、浅海陆棚相和海相火山岩相,并进一步划分为13种沉积亚相。浅海陆棚相和滨海相是研究区沉积的主体,碳酸盐岩台地相次之,辫状河三角洲相和冲积扇相仅在靠近敦煌-阿拉善-狼山古陆及马鬃山-拐子湖中间隆起带的部分有分布,海相火山岩主要分布于裂谷中心火山喷发带。  相似文献   

冀北滦平盆地九佛堂组—沙海组叶肢介化石的发现与陆相建阶问题的讨论     

牛绍武  辛后田 《地质通报》2018,37(10):1801-1819

2007—2008年,在滦平县西瓜园东滦河南岸发现九佛堂组底部砾岩与西瓜园组连续的直接接触关系,其后,又在滦平以西巴克什营至滦平公路鹞子梁发现九佛堂组底部砾岩鹞子梁砾岩,并向西追索到拉海沟北的得胜岭北山,九佛堂组剖面就是从得胜岭北山鹞子梁砾岩底部开始向北测制。在滦平县以西的山湾、杨树沟、小乔木沟、德胜岭等地都采到了叶肢介化石,特别是在该组下部采集到了阜新东方叶肢介和九佛堂东方叶肢介;顶部采集到了沙海组的典型分子延吉叶肢介属的几个种,证明在滦平盆地西瓜园组之上、阜新组(青石砬组)之下确有九佛堂组—沙海组,解决了长期以来有关滦平盆地"大西瓜园组"或"大九佛堂组"的争论。至此,大北沟组、大店子组、西瓜园组、九佛堂组与沙海组的叶肢介化石组合序列初步建立起来。结合滦平盆地晚期中生代沉积盆地演化,讨论有关陆相建阶问题,结合前人资料,冀北-辽西晚期中生代自下而上拟初步建立三宝营阶(土城子阶)、榆树下阶(大北沟阶)、张家沟阶(原大店子组)、李营阶(义县阶)、鹞子梁阶(九佛堂阶)-清河门阶(沙海阶)、海州阶和"孙家湾阶",以供今后讨论有关陆相建阶问题时参考。  相似文献   

黔东松桃地区燕山期构造特征研究——以高地超大型锰矿床为例   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

谢小峰  杨坤光  钱山  袁良军 《地质论评》2018,64(3):623-632

黔东松桃地区构造格局主要是受到燕山运动影响形成。燕山早期,区内处于SEE—NWW向区域挤压收缩,形成了NNE—SSW向褶皱和断裂。下寒武统杷榔组—变马冲组地层和南华系下统大塘坡组地层作为两套滑脱层,在构造变形过程中起到滑脱作用,滑脱层内褶皱变形强烈,以大量紧闭、顶厚不协调褶皱为主要构造样式,而其上、下岩层则以断块或宽缓褶皱变形为主,以软弱层为界面,其上、下岩层发生逆冲滑脱作用,形成了区内隔槽式褶皱的构造样式。燕山晚期,区内处于NNE—SSW挤压为主,形成了区内NWW向小型褶皱和断裂,同时燕山晚期构造横跨叠加在早期变形之上,导致早期NNE向褶皱枢纽呈波状起伏,轴迹弯曲,部分地区形成了构造穹窿和构造盆地,部分早期断层呈左行走滑性质。在燕山早、晚两期构造作用下,高地矿区含锰岩系作为软弱滑脱层,向猴子坳向斜的核部进行滑脱聚集,使其在向斜的核部富集,翼部相对减薄。同时,由于犁式正断层的存在,也影响了锰矿层的保存与破坏。  相似文献   

内蒙古核桃坝地区铅锌与铀矿的期次关系探讨     

蒋孝君 《地质论评》2021,67(Z1):67z1097-67z1098

正核桃坝地区位于华北板块北缘多金属成矿带和沽源—红山子铀成矿带的交汇部位,具有优越的铀多金属成矿地质条件。近年来,核工业二〇八大队在核桃坝地区取得铀矿勘查突破,落实了铀矿产地。铀矿勘查中不仅发现了多个具有工业价值的铀矿体,还发现了许多较好的铅、锌、钼、铜、  相似文献   

江南钨矿带桂林郑钼钨矿床钼的赋存状态、时空分布及其研究意义   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张达玉  孟翔  任康达  陈雪锋  叶龙翔  熊珍银 《岩石学报》2021,37(9):2821-2842

安徽桂林郑钼钨矿床位于江南钨矿带北部,是目前区内唯一钼储量达到大型的钼钨矿床。本文在对该矿床地质特征和已有成果总结基础上,详细观察了各代表性矿化蚀变样品的岩相学特征,提出该矿床具镁质矽卡岩矿床特征,是桂林郑花岗斑岩熔体与奥陶系白云质灰岩地层交代的产物。矿石类型可分为靠近岩体(100m)浸染状矿石和远离岩体( 100m)的条带状矿石,分别赋存在接触交代矽卡岩和层控矽卡岩中。桂林郑矿床的矿石矿物为富钼白钨矿(钼钙矿-白钨矿系列),可分为三个世代,分别形成于无水矽卡岩阶段(Sch-Ⅰ)和含水矽卡岩-氧化物阶段(Sch-Ⅱ和Sch-Ⅲ),辉钼矿仅在浸染状矿石富钼白钨矿(Sch-Ⅲ)边部少量发育。不同矿石类型、不同世代富钼白钨矿的电子探针成分分析显示,富钼白钨矿的钼含量(MoO_3%)在5.75%～71.02%之间,均值为46.00%(n=224),总体具有超常富钼的特点;从无水矽卡岩阶段到含水矽卡岩-氧化物阶段(早→晚)、从浅部的条带状矿石到深部的浸染状矿石(浅→深),富钼白钨矿MoO_3含量有降低趋势。桂林郑钼钨矿床是首个以富钼白钨矿为主要矿石矿物的钼-多金属矿床,这一特殊钼钨矿床的发现深化了矽卡岩钼钨矿床的成因认识,同时对江南钨矿带内区域成矿规律与找矿勘探工作的推进提供了依据。  相似文献   

陕西旬阳地区小河金矿硫铅同位素组成及地质意义     

孟五一  刘家军  魏立勇  张振  吴欢欢  范堡程  潘元  李国英  贾彬 《现代地质》2021,35(6):1587-1596

小河金矿是近年来在南秦岭中带发现的中型金矿床,矿石类型为微细浸染型,矿床受地层和构造双重控制。在野外工作基础上,根据矿物组合及穿插关系划分了4个成矿阶段:Ⅰ,成矿早期少硫化物石英脉成矿阶段;Ⅱ,石英脉、黄铁矿、毒砂成矿主阶段;Ⅲ,石英脉-多金属硫化物成矿主阶段;Ⅳ,方解石、石英脉成矿晚阶段。其中Ⅱ、Ⅲ阶段是主要金矿化阶段。不同阶段样品的原位硫同位素结果显示:成矿早阶段石英脉期的黄铁矿δ³⁴S值为20.80‰~25.77‰,均值为23.59‰;主成矿期II阶段中黄铁矿、毒砂δ³⁴S值为15.46‰~19.12‰,均值为17.5‰;主成矿期Ⅲ阶段中方铅矿、闪锌矿δ³⁴S值为11.35‰~16.78‰,均值为13.88‰。硫同位素特征指示硫以沉积硫为主,成矿过程可能存在低δ³⁴S值热液的持续加入。金属硫化物Pb同位素测试结果显示²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb为17.882 1~18.367 4,²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb为15.614 0~15.674 1,²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb为38.016 3~38.934 2,指示小河金矿铅主要源于地壳,同时伴随幔源铅的混入。综合矿床地质特征及硫、铅同位素地球化学特征,认为小河金矿成矿过程可能存在流体混合作用。  相似文献   

Generation of oceanic internal gravity waves by a cyclonic surface stress disturbance     

《Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans》2019

Atmospheric cyclones with strong winds significantly impact ocean circulation, regional sea surface temperature, and deep water formation across the global oceans. Thus they are expected to play a key role in a variety of energy transport mechanisms. Even though wind-generated internal gravity waves are thought to contribute significantly to the energy balance of the deep ocean, their excitation mechanisms are only partly understood.The present study investigates the generation of internal gravity waves during a geostrophic adjustment process in a Boussinesq model with axisymmetric geometry. The atmospheric disturbance is set by an idealized pulse of cyclonic wind stress with a Rankine vortex structure. Strength, radius and duration of the forcing are varied. The effect upon wave generation of stratification with variable mixed-layer depth is also examined.Results indicate that internal gravity waves are generated after approximately one inertial period. The outward radial energy flux is dominated by waves having structure close to vertical mode-1 and with frequency close to the inertial frequency. Less energetic higher mode waves are observed to be generated close to the sea floor underneath the storm. The total radiated energy corresponds to approximately 0.02% of the wind input. Deeper mixed-layer conditions as well as weaker stratification reduce this fraction.The low energy transfer rates suggest that other processes that drive vertical motion like surface heat fluxes, turbulent motion, mixed region collapse and storm translation are essential for significant energy extraction by internal gravity waves to occur.  相似文献   

Stage level,volume and time‐frequency information content of Lake Tana using stochastic and wavelet analysis methods     

Y. Chebud  A. Melesse 《水文研究》2013,27(10):1475-1483

Lake Tana is the largest fresh water body situated in the north‐western highlands of Ethiopia. In addition to its ecological services, it serves for local transport, electric power generation, fishing, recreational purposes, and source of dry season irrigation water supply. Evidence shows that the lake has dried at least once at about 15,000–17,000 before present owing to a combination of high evaporation and low precipitation events. Past attempts to understand and simulate historical fluctuation of Lake Tana based on simplistic water balance approach of inflow, outflow, and storage have failed to capture well‐known events of drawdown and rise of the lake that have happened in the last 44 years. This study tested different stochastic methods of lake level and volume simulation for supporting Lake Tana operational planning decision support. Three stochastic methods (perturbations approach, Monte Carlo methods, and wavelet analysis) were employed for lake level and volume simulation, and the results were compared with the stage level measurements. Forty‐four years of daily, monthly, and mean annual lake level data have shown a Gaussian variation with goodness of fit at 0.01 significant levels of the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. The stochastic simulations predicted the lake stage level of the 1972, 1984, and 2002/2003 historical droughts 99% of the time. The information content (frequency) of fluctuation of Lake Tana for various periods was resolved using Wigner's Time‐Frequency Decomposition method. The wavelet analysis agreed with the perturbations and Monte Carlo simulations resolving the time (1970s, 1980s, and 2000s) in which low frequency and high spectral power fluctuation has occurred. The Monte Carlo method has shown its superiority for risk analysis over perturbation and deterministic method whereas wavelet analysis reconstructed historical record of lake stage level at daily and monthly time scales. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献